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What Is a Life Company Loan?

A life company loan is a commercial mortgage originated by a life insurance company (MetLife, Prudential, New York Life, TIAA, Northwestern Mutual, etc.) that typically offers the lowest fixed rates in CRE — often 20-50 basis points below banks and CMBS. Life cos match long-duration insurance liabilities against long-term real estate assets, allowing them to price loans off Treasuries with tight spreads and offer 10-25 year fixed terms. The trade-offs: conservative leverage (55-65% LTV), strict prepayment penalties (yield maintenance or defeasance), highly selective property standards (Class A/B stabilized), and 60-90 day close timelines.

Key Facts

Lowest fixed rates in CRE: typically 120-180 bps over corresponding Treasury
Fixed terms: 10, 15, 20, and 25 years available
Conservative LTV: 55-65% maximum (vs. 70-80% for banks/CMBS)
Non-recourse with standard bad-boy carveouts
Minimum DSCR: 1.25-1.35x
Property standards: Class A/B stabilized in primary/strong secondary markets
Prepayment: yield maintenance or defeasance — strict and expensive
Close timeline: 60-90 days (longer than banks or bridge)

Why Life Company Rates Are the Lowest

Life insurance companies have a structural advantage no other CRE lender can replicate: liability matching. When someone buys a 20-year whole life policy, the insurance company needs long-duration, predictable assets to match. Commercial mortgages on stabilized properties are a near-perfect fit. Because life cos invest their own balance sheet capital (not securitizing into CMBS pools), they price loans off Treasury yields with spreads of 120-180 basis points. In practice, this means a life co 10-year fixed rate is often 20-50 basis points below the best bank or credit union quote.

Conservative Leverage and DSCR Requirements

Life cos are capital-preservation lenders. Maximum LTV ranges from 55% to 65%, with most deals landing at 60% or below. DSCR requirements of 1.25-1.35x are at the higher end of CRE lending. If your property appraises at $5M, a life co will lend $3M-$3.25M — a bank might go to $3.75M. The conservative leverage isn't a constraint for borrowers with substantial equity, but for those needing maximum proceeds, supplemental capital (mezzanine or preferred equity) may be required.

Property Standards: Class A in Strong Markets

Life companies are the most selective lenders in CRE. The ideal deal: a Class A or strong Class B multifamily, industrial, anchored retail, or office property with 90%+ occupancy, credit-worthy tenants, well-maintained condition, in a primary metro area. Properties with deferred maintenance, tenant rollover concentration, below-market occupancy, tertiary locations, or unusual use types are declined outright. Specialty properties (self-storage, hospitality, medical office, car washes) are typically ineligible.

When Life Co Financing Is — and Isn't — the Right Answer

Choose a life company when: the property is stabilized Class A/B, you need 60% LTV or less, you plan to hold for the full loan term (no early exit), and you have 90+ days to close. Don't choose a life company when: you need higher leverage, may sell or refinance within the term (yield maintenance/defeasance are extremely expensive), the property is transitional or specialty, or you need to close in under 60 days. The lowest rate isn't always the lowest total cost of capital.

Licensed in Oregon & California · NMLS #1498678

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